Welcome to Linux and this forum.
Yes, the AR Sandbox will work with Ubuntu. Linux Mint (LM) is Ubuntu with additions and tweaks. The AR Sandbox software will work with most distributions of Linux.
You IT department might not like that the sandbox has not been updated to work on more recent versions of LM or Ubuntu. Your options are to use Ubuntu 18.04 (LM 19.3) as the currently recommended OS or use a newer version of Ubuntu (i.e. 22.05) and account for the differences.
One approach for a newer OS, as lead by @solanic, is to update the Build-Ubunutu.sh
script. A second approach created by @marcocspc, is to run the sandbox in a container.